#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
class AutoTimer
{
public:
explicit AutoTimer(const std::string &name);
~AutoTimer();
void ConstMember() const;
void NonConstMember();
private:
class Impl;
std::shared_ptr<Impl> GetImpl() { return mImpl; }
std::shared_ptr<const Impl> GetConstImpl() const { return mImpl; }
std::shared_ptr<Impl> mImpl;
};
class AutoTimer::Impl
{
public:
double GetElapsed() const
{
return 0.0;
}
std::string mName;
void ConstMember() const {}
void NonConstMember() {}
};
AutoTimer::AutoTimer(const std::string &name) :
mImpl(new AutoTimer::Impl())
{
mImpl->mName = name;
}
AutoTimer::~AutoTimer()
{
std::cout << mImpl->mName << ": took " << mImpl->GetElapsed()
<< " secs" << std::endl;
}
void
AutoTimer::ConstMember() const
{
GetConstImpl()->ConstMember();
}
void
AutoTimer::NonConstMember()
{
GetImpl()->NonConstMember();
}
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
class MyObject
{
public:
MyObject() {
std::cout << "+++ Object created" << std::endl;
}
~MyObject() {
std::cout << "--- Object destroyed" << std::endl;
}
};
class MyObjectHolder
{
public:
MyObjectHolder() :
obj(std::make_shared<MyObject>())
{}
~MyObjectHolder() = default;
private:
std::shared_ptr<MyObject> obj;
};
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
std::cout << "Shared Pointer - START" << std::endl;
{
std::shared_ptr<MyObject> obj1 = std::make_shared<MyObject>();
{
std::shared_ptr<MyObject> obj2 = obj1; // ref count == 2
} // obj2 goes out of scope, ref count == 1
} // obj1 goes out of scope, ref count == 0, object deleted
std::cout << "Shared Pointer - END" << std::endl;
std::cout << "Unique Pointer - START" << std::endl;
{
MyObjectHolder objHolder;
MyObjectHolder objHolder2 = objHolder;
std::cout << "Created MyObjectHolder" << std::endl;
}
std::cout << "Unique Pointer - END" << std::endl;
return 0;
}
#include <iostream>
class Observable
{
public:
virtual ~Observable() {}
virtual void CallbackMethod(const std::string &name) = 0;
};
class MyObserver: public Observable
{
public:
MyObserver(int data) :
mData(data)
{}
void CallbackMethod(const std::string &name) {
std::cout << "Invoking callable " << name << ": " << mData << "
";
}
private:
int mData;
};
class ModuleB
{
public:
void SetObserver(std::shared_ptr<Observable> cb) {
mObserver = cb;
}
void InvokeObserver(const std::string &name) {
if (mObserver)
{
mObserver->CallbackMethod(name);
}
}
private:
std::shared_ptr<Observable> mObserver;
};
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
ModuleB b;
b.SetObserver(std::make_shared<MyObserver>(2));
b.InvokeObserver("hello");
return 0;
}
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
class AutoTimer
{
public:
explicit AutoTimer(const std::string &name);
~AutoTimer();
void ConstMember() const;
void NonConstMember();
private:
class Impl;
std::shared_ptr<Impl> GetImpl() { return mImpl; }
std::shared_ptr<const Impl> GetConstImpl() const { return mImpl; }
std::shared_ptr<Impl> mImpl;
};
class AutoTimer::Impl
{
public:
double GetElapsed() const
{
return 0.0;
}
std::string mName;
void ConstMember() const {}
void NonConstMember() {}
};
AutoTimer::AutoTimer(const std::string &name) :
mImpl(new AutoTimer::Impl())
{
mImpl->mName = name;
}
AutoTimer::~AutoTimer()
{
std::cout << mImpl->mName << ": took " << mImpl->GetElapsed()
<< " secs" << std::endl;
}
void
AutoTimer::ConstMember() const
{
GetConstImpl()->ConstMember();
}
void
AutoTimer::NonConstMember()
{
GetImpl()->NonConstMember();
}
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
class MyObject
{
public:
MyObject() {
std::cout << "+++ Object created" << std::endl;
}
~MyObject() {
std::cout << "--- Object destroyed" << std::endl;
}
};
class MyObjectHolder
{
public:
MyObjectHolder() :
obj(std::make_shared<MyObject>())
{}
~MyObjectHolder() = default;
private:
std::shared_ptr<MyObject> obj;
};
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
std::cout << "Shared Pointer - START" << std::endl;
{
std::shared_ptr<MyObject> obj1 = std::make_shared<MyObject>();
{
std::shared_ptr<MyObject> obj2 = obj1; // ref count == 2
} // obj2 goes out of scope, ref count == 1
} // obj1 goes out of scope, ref count == 0, object deleted
std::cout << "Shared Pointer - END" << std::endl;
std::cout << "Unique Pointer - START" << std::endl;
{
MyObjectHolder objHolder;
MyObjectHolder objHolder2 = objHolder;
std::cout << "Created MyObjectHolder" << std::endl;
}
std::cout << "Unique Pointer - END" << std::endl;
return 0;
}
#include <iostream>
class Observable
{
public:
virtual ~Observable() {}
virtual void CallbackMethod(const std::string &name) = 0;
};
class MyObserver: public Observable
{
public:
MyObserver(int data) :
mData(data)
{}
void CallbackMethod(const std::string &name) {
std::cout << "Invoking callable " << name << ": " << mData << "
";
}
private:
int mData;
};
class ModuleB
{
public:
void SetObserver(std::shared_ptr<Observable> cb) {
mObserver = cb;
}
void InvokeObserver(const std::string &name) {
if (mObserver)
{
mObserver->CallbackMethod(name);
}
}
private:
std::shared_ptr<Observable> mObserver;
};
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
ModuleB b;
b.SetObserver(std::make_shared<MyObserver>(2));
b.InvokeObserver("hello");
return 0;
}
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
class AutoTimer
{
public:
explicit AutoTimer(const std::string &name);
~AutoTimer();
void ConstMember() const;
void NonConstMember();
private:
class Impl;
std::shared_ptr<Impl> GetImpl() { return mImpl; }
std::shared_ptr<const Impl> GetConstImpl() const { return mImpl; }
std::shared_ptr<Impl> mImpl;
};
class AutoTimer::Impl
{
public:
double GetElapsed() const
{
return 0.0;
}
std::string mName;
void ConstMember() const {}
void NonConstMember() {}
};
AutoTimer::AutoTimer(const std::string &name) :
mImpl(new AutoTimer::Impl())
{
mImpl->mName = name;
}
AutoTimer::~AutoTimer()
{
std::cout << mImpl->mName << ": took " << mImpl->GetElapsed()
<< " secs" << std::endl;
}
void
AutoTimer::ConstMember() const
{
GetConstImpl()->ConstMember();
}
void
AutoTimer::NonConstMember()
{
GetImpl()->NonConstMember();
}
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
class MyObject
{
public:
MyObject() {
std::cout << "+++ Object created" << std::endl;
}
~MyObject() {
std::cout << "--- Object destroyed" << std::endl;
}
};
class MyObjectHolder
{
public:
MyObjectHolder() :
obj(std::make_shared<MyObject>())
{}
~MyObjectHolder() = default;
private:
std::shared_ptr<MyObject> obj;
};
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
std::cout << "Shared Pointer - START" << std::endl;
{
std::shared_ptr<MyObject> obj1 = std::make_shared<MyObject>();
{
std::shared_ptr<MyObject> obj2 = obj1; // ref count == 2
} // obj2 goes out of scope, ref count == 1
} // obj1 goes out of scope, ref count == 0, object deleted
std::cout << "Shared Pointer - END" << std::endl;
std::cout << "Unique Pointer - START" << std::endl;
{
MyObjectHolder objHolder;
MyObjectHolder objHolder2 = objHolder;
std::cout << "Created MyObjectHolder" << std::endl;
}
std::cout << "Unique Pointer - END" << std::endl;
return 0;
}
#include <iostream>
class Observable
{
public:
virtual ~Observable() {}
virtual void CallbackMethod(const std::string &name) = 0;
};
class MyObserver: public Observable
{
public:
MyObserver(int data) :
mData(data)
{}
void CallbackMethod(const std::string &name) {
std::cout << "Invoking callable " << name << ": " << mData << "
";
}
private:
int mData;
};
class ModuleB
{
public:
void SetObserver(std::shared_ptr<Observable> cb) {
mObserver = cb;
}
void InvokeObserver(const std::string &name) {
if (mObserver)
{
mObserver->CallbackMethod(name);
}
}
private:
std::shared_ptr<Observable> mObserver;
};
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
ModuleB b;
b.SetObserver(std::make_shared<MyObserver>(2));
b.InvokeObserver("hello");
return 0;
}
Software Architect
AI / Web / 3D
AI / Web / 3D
I am a seasoned software engineering leader, book author, and serial entrepreneur. I hold a Ph.D. in Computer Science, am a Fellow of the IEEE, a Fellow of the AAIA, and an ACM Distinguished Engineer.
Full Bio
→
Software Architect
AI / Web / 3D
AI / Web / 3D
I am a seasoned software engineering leader, book author, and serial entrepreneur. I hold a Ph.D. in Computer Science, am a Fellow of the IEEE, a Fellow of the AAIA, and an ACM Distinguished Engineer.
Full Bio
→
Books / Articles
I have written 2 computer science textbooks, published over 40 peer-reviewed articles, and I hold 10 granted patents. My most recent book focuses on how to design clean and robust software interfaces in C++.
Movies
I led software engineering teams at Pixar where I helped develop technology for many of Pixar's early movies and short films. My feature film credits include the Academy Award Winning movies Finding Nemo, The Incredibles, Ratatouille, and WALL-E, and the Academy Award Nominated movie Cars.
I was also part of the original software engineering team that developed Pixar's Presto Animation System, which won an Academy Scientific and Engineering Award. And I was the hair model for Mr. Incredible.
Career
Apple
Software Architect (5 years)
As a senior engineering leader within the AI/ML division,
I was responsible for the architecture and design of major components
of the Siri virtual assistant. I worked on software improvements to Siri
that have been deployed to over a billion devices across 40 locales.
This includes features that run on the entire range
of Apple devices from iPhones and Macs through HomePods, Apple Watches,
and CarPlay units.
PullString
Co-Founder / CTO (8 years)
I co-founded the AI technology company PullString
(originally called ToyTalk). Our vision was to use AI to make it
effortless to talk with the voice-enabled technology that surrounds us.
As CTO, I was responsible for developing the PullString
SaaS Platform, which included the powerful PullString Converse web app.
This let non-technical users create voice applications for popular
devices like Amazon Echo and Google Home. PullString was acquired by
Apple in 2019.
Pixar
Lead Software Engineer (5 years)
I was a lead engineer in Pixar's Studio Tools R&D department,
where I managed a team of engineers building next-generation animation tools
for our artists. This involved building and maintaining a large C++ desktop
application with extensive scripting APIs accessible via C++ and Python.
I also worked directly as a C/C++ engineer on Pixar's in-house filmmaking
software, adding new features from deep core changes all the way up to new
GUI workflows.
SRI International
Research Engineer (5 years)
At SRI, I worked in the Perception program of the Artificial
Intelligence Center, working on the network-based 3-D terrain visualization
system called TerraVision. This effort also involved international
standards-based work as chair of the GeoVRML working group, and work on a
scheme to index all geospatial information on the Internet, referred to as
the GeoWeb. I was also elected as a Director of the Web3D Consortium
2 years running.
University of Edinburgh
Ph.D. in Computer Science (4 years)
My doctoral research involved applying models of human visual
perception to level of detail (LOD) systems so that we can remove imperceptible
detail from a 3D scene and hence optimize the frame rate. This translated
into various SIGGRAPH courses and a book published by Morgan Kaufmann.
During this time, I also developed the 3D Mines game for the SGI range of
computers.
University of Strathclyde
B.Sc. in Computer Science (4 years)
I graduated with a 1st class honors in Computer Science
(summa cum laude). My undergraduate projects included writing generators
for Mandelbrot and Julia sets, Koch curves, and Hilbert space-preserving
curves, where I developed a novel adaptive-recursion optimization for
the Mandelbrot set calculation. I also developed a fully functional
3-D spreadsheet, called Cerberus.
Awards / Honors
- Fellow of the IEEE
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) - Fellow of the AAIA
(Asia-Pacific Artificial Intelligence Association) - Distinguished Engineer of the ACM
(Association for Computing Machinery) - Alumnus of the Year
(University of Strathclyde)
History
60 CLR: FOR Y=0 TO 34: FOR X=0 TO 15: READA
70 C=C+A: POKE 39984+Y*16+X,A: NEXTX
80 READA: IF A<>C THEN PRINT "?ERROR IN LINE" 100+Y*10: END
90 C=0: NEXTY: PRINT "O.K."
100 DATA 128, 192, 192, 224, 240, 240, 248, 252, 252, 254, 248, 216, 28, 12, 14, 4, 2744
110 DATA 76, 92, 157, 169, 45, 133, 51, 133, 55, 169, 156, 133, 52, 133, 52, 162, 1768
120 DATA 62, 169, 0, 157, 191, 2, 202, 208, 250, 162, 0, 168, 189, 48, 156, 153, 2117
130 DATA 192, 2, 232, 200, 200, 200, 224, 16, 208, 242, 173, 53, 3, 141, 46, 208, 2340
140 DATA 169, 11, 141, 255, 7, 173, 14, 208, 208, 5, 169, 24, 141, 14, 208, 173, 1920
150 DATA 15, 208, 208, 17, 169, 50, 141, 15, 208, 173, 16, 208, 41, 127, 141, 16, 1753
160 DATA 208, 169, 0, 133, 2, 173, 21, 208, 9, 128, 141, 21, 208, 96, 173, 15, 1705
170 DATA 208, 201, 246, 208, 1, 96, 238, 15, 208, 96, 173, 15, 208, 201, 50, 208, 2372
180 DATA 1, 96, 206, 15, 208, 96, 165, 2, 201, 116, 48, 17, 173, 16, 208, 9, 1577
190 DATA 128, 141, 16, 208, 165, 2, 233, 116, 10, 141, 14, 208, 96, 173, 16, 208, 1875
200 DATA 41, 127, 141, 16, 208, 165, 2, 10, 105, 24, 141, 14, 208, 96, 165, 2, 1465
210 DATA 208, 1, 96, 198, 2, 76, 182, 156, 165, 2, 201, 158, 208, 1, 96, 230, 1980
220 DATA 2, 76, 182, 156, 173, 0, 220, 201, 126, 208, 3, 76, 170, 156, 201, 125, 2075
230 DATA 208, 3, 76, 158, 156, 201, 123, 208, 3, 76, 222, 156, 201, 119, 208, 3, 2121
240 DATA 76, 232, 156, 201, 122, 208, 6, 32, 170, 156, 76, 222, 156, 201, 121, 208, 2343
250 DATA 6, 32, 158, 156, 76, 222, 156, 201, 118, 208, 6, 32, 170, 156, 76, 232, 2005
260 DATA 156, 201, 117, 208, 6, 32, 158, 156, 76, 232, 156, 96, 32, 228, 255, 201, 2310
270 DATA 17, 208, 3, 76, 158, 156, 201, 29, 208, 3, 76, 232, 156, 201, 145, 208, 2077
280 DATA 3, 76, 170, 156, 201, 157, 208, 3, 76, 222, 156, 96, 32, 67, 156, 32, 1811
290 DATA 244, 156, 32, 60, 157, 165, 197, 201, 60, 240, 22, 173, 0, 220, 201, 112, 2240
300 DATA 48, 15, 160, 8, 162, 100, 234, 234, 202, 208, 251, 136, 208, 246, 76, 95, 2383
310 DATA 157, 165, 2, 74, 74, 141, 54, 3, 173, 15, 208, 233, 50, 74, 74, 74, 1571
320 DATA 141, 55, 3, 173, 15, 208, 201, 50, 208, 5, 169, 0, 141, 55, 3, 160, 1587
330 DATA 4, 173, 55, 3, 208, 5, 173, 54, 3, 144, 33, 173, 55, 3, 141, 167, 1394
340 DATA 2, 10, 10, 10, 141, 56, 3, 162, 5, 173, 167, 2, 10, 144, 1, 200, 1096
350 DATA 141, 167, 2, 202, 208, 243, 109, 56, 3, 144, 1, 200, 109, 54, 3, 144, 1786
360 DATA 1, 200, 141, 168, 2, 140, 169, 2, 173, 168, 2, 237, 169, 2, 105, 4, 1683
370 DATA 141, 168, 2, 173, 55, 3, 201, 16, 48, 6, 238, 169, 2, 238, 168, 2, 1630
380 DATA 173, 168, 2, 208, 3, 238, 168, 2, 201, 1, 208, 3, 238, 168, 2, 201, 1984
390 DATA 2, 208, 3, 238, 168, 2, 201, 3, 208, 3, 238, 168, 2, 201, 255, 208, 2108
400 DATA 24, 173, 55, 3, 240, 16, 201, 16, 240, 12, 201, 8, 240, 8, 201, 32, 1670
410 DATA 240, 4, 169, 0, 240, 3, 238, 168, 2, 173, 168, 2, 201, 254, 208, 13, 2083
420 DATA 173, 54, 3, 201, 31, 208, 6, 206, 169, 2, 238, 168, 2, 173, 168, 2, 1804
430 DATA 141, 74, 158, 173, 169, 2, 141, 75, 158, 173, 0, 0, 141, 52, 3, 173, 1633
440 DATA 21, 208, 41, 127, 141, 21, 208, 96, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 863 60 CLR: FOR Y=0 TO 34: FOR X=0 TO 15: READA
70 C=C+A: POKE 39984+Y*16+X,A: NEXTX
80 READA: IF A<>C THEN PRINT "?ERROR IN LINE" 100+Y*10: END
90 C=0: NEXTY: PRINT "O.K."
100 DATA 128, 192, 192, 224, 240, 240, 248, 252, 252, 254, 248, 216, 28, 12, 14, 4, 2744
110 DATA 76, 92, 157, 169, 45, 133, 51, 133, 55, 169, 156, 133, 52, 133, 52, 162, 1768
120 DATA 62, 169, 0, 157, 191, 2, 202, 208, 250, 162, 0, 168, 189, 48, 156, 153, 2117
130 DATA 192, 2, 232, 200, 200, 200, 224, 16, 208, 242, 173, 53, 3, 141, 46, 208, 2340
140 DATA 169, 11, 141, 255, 7, 173, 14, 208, 208, 5, 169, 24, 141, 14, 208, 173, 1920
150 DATA 15, 208, 208, 17, 169, 50, 141, 15, 208, 173, 16, 208, 41, 127, 141, 16, 1753
160 DATA 208, 169, 0, 133, 2, 173, 21, 208, 9, 128, 141, 21, 208, 96, 173, 15, 1705
170 DATA 208, 201, 246, 208, 1, 96, 238, 15, 208, 96, 173, 15, 208, 201, 50, 208, 2372
180 DATA 1, 96, 206, 15, 208, 96, 165, 2, 201, 116, 48, 17, 173, 16, 208, 9, 1577
190 DATA 128, 141, 16, 208, 165, 2, 233, 116, 10, 141, 14, 208, 96, 173, 16, 208, 1875
200 DATA 41, 127, 141, 16, 208, 165, 2, 10, 105, 24, 141, 14, 208, 96, 165, 2, 1465
210 DATA 208, 1, 96, 198, 2, 76, 182, 156, 165, 2, 201, 158, 208, 1, 96, 230, 1980
220 DATA 2, 76, 182, 156, 173, 0, 220, 201, 126, 208, 3, 76, 170, 156, 201, 125, 2075
230 DATA 208, 3, 76, 158, 156, 201, 123, 208, 3, 76, 222, 156, 201, 119, 208, 3, 2121
240 DATA 76, 232, 156, 201, 122, 208, 6, 32, 170, 156, 76, 222, 156, 201, 121, 208, 2343
250 DATA 6, 32, 158, 156, 76, 222, 156, 201, 118, 208, 6, 32, 170, 156, 76, 232, 2005
260 DATA 156, 201, 117, 208, 6, 32, 158, 156, 76, 232, 156, 96, 32, 228, 255, 201, 2310
270 DATA 17, 208, 3, 76, 158, 156, 201, 29, 208, 3, 76, 232, 156, 201, 145, 208, 2077
280 DATA 3, 76, 170, 156, 201, 157, 208, 3, 76, 222, 156, 96, 32, 67, 156, 32, 1811
290 DATA 244, 156, 32, 60, 157, 165, 197, 201, 60, 240, 22, 173, 0, 220, 201, 112, 2240
300 DATA 48, 15, 160, 8, 162, 100, 234, 234, 202, 208, 251, 136, 208, 246, 76, 95, 2383
310 DATA 157, 165, 2, 74, 74, 141, 54, 3, 173, 15, 208, 233, 50, 74, 74, 74, 1571
320 DATA 141, 55, 3, 173, 15, 208, 201, 50, 208, 5, 169, 0, 141, 55, 3, 160, 1587
330 DATA 4, 173, 55, 3, 208, 5, 173, 54, 3, 144, 33, 173, 55, 3, 141, 167, 1394
340 DATA 2, 10, 10, 10, 141, 56, 3, 162, 5, 173, 167, 2, 10, 144, 1, 200, 1096
350 DATA 141, 167, 2, 202, 208, 243, 109, 56, 3, 144, 1, 200, 109, 54, 3, 144, 1786
360 DATA 1, 200, 141, 168, 2, 140, 169, 2, 173, 168, 2, 237, 169, 2, 105, 4, 1683
370 DATA 141, 168, 2, 173, 55, 3, 201, 16, 48, 6, 238, 169, 2, 238, 168, 2, 1630
380 DATA 173, 168, 2, 208, 3, 238, 168, 2, 201, 1, 208, 3, 238, 168, 2, 201, 1984
390 DATA 2, 208, 3, 238, 168, 2, 201, 3, 208, 3, 238, 168, 2, 201, 255, 208, 2108
400 DATA 24, 173, 55, 3, 240, 16, 201, 16, 240, 12, 201, 8, 240, 8, 201, 32, 1670
410 DATA 240, 4, 169, 0, 240, 3, 238, 168, 2, 173, 168, 2, 201, 254, 208, 13, 2083
420 DATA 173, 54, 3, 201, 31, 208, 6, 206, 169, 2, 238, 168, 2, 173, 168, 2, 1804
430 DATA 141, 74, 158, 173, 169, 2, 141, 75, 158, 173, 0, 0, 141, 52, 3, 173, 1633
440 DATA 21, 208, 41, 127, 141, 21, 208, 96, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 863
Back in the 80s, you would buy computer magazines with source code listings and carefully type these programs into your computer to run them. My first piece of paid software was a program that was published in Your Commodore magazine when I was 16 years old.
This Commodore 64 BASIC program loaded a series of 6502 machine code instructions into memory and ran them. It produced a pointer that could be moved on-screen with a joystick to select characters. While unremarkable today, this was novel for a computer that had no built-in notion of a mouse, cursor, or windows.
Another way you could publish software in the 80s was through Shareware. This is where people sent you a check in the mail and you sent them back a floppy disk. I sold a popular shareware text editor for the Amiga 500 called EdWord.
EdWord had advanced features like multiple documents, split screen, macros, symbolic indenting, source code highlighting, and command automation, all the way back in the 80s.
Personal Stuff
I gained my 2nd Degree Black Belt in WTF Taekwondo training under Master Steve Rapport. At University, I practiced Tukido under Grand Master Hock Aun Teh and was four-time British sparring champion. I was awarded my "Full Blue" for national-level martial arts achievement from Strathclyde University. The above video is my jumping spinning hook kick break from my 2nd Dan Black Belt test.
© 2025 Martin Reddy. All rights reserved.